Производные 14-краун-4 – пути настройки селективности для детектирования и экстракции лития
Аннотация
В настоящее время литий является критически важным элементом для производства литий-ионных аккумуляторов, а также для использования в производстве стекла и керамики, смазочных материалов, металлургии и атомной промышленности. Постоянно растущий спрос на литий инициирует разработку эффективных методов его извлечения из широкого спектра источников – от природных рассолов до промышленных отходов. Поскольку мировые запасы лития преимущественно сосредоточены в морской воде в крайне низких концентрациях, экстракция является наиболее перспективным методом его выделения. В свою очередь, краун-эфиры предоставляются удобными объектами, предоставляющими возможности для управления путем химической модификации их физико-химическими свойствами, такими как координационные свойства, растворимость и селективность по отношению к определенным ионам металлов. Несмотря на относительно небольшое количество исследований, краун-эфиры типа 14-краун-4-эфира можно рассматривать как перспективную платформу для разработки селективных экстрагентов лития для дальнейшего развития промышленных экстракционных процессов. Целью настоящего обзора является систе-матический анализ литературных данных, касающихся синтеза и применения производных 14-краун-4-эфира для детектирования и извлечения лития.
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